Tokyo ben and Kansai ben †Japanese has many local dialects Free Essays

Japanese has many local dialects. The two dialects with the largest number of speakers are the eastern and western dialects. The eastern dialect is called â€Å"Tokyo ben† which is equivalent to standard Japanese and the western dialect is called â€Å"Kansai ben† which is spoken in western Japan such as Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. We will write a custom essay sample on Tokyo ben and Kansai ben – Japanese has many local dialects or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are four main differences between Tokyo ben and Kansai ben affecting vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation and grammar. The first difference is vocabulary. Different dialects use different words for the same things. For example, â€Å"arigato†(thank you) is used in Tokyo ben while â€Å"maido ookini†(thank you) is used in Kansai ben instead (Rie-Higuchi,2002). The easterners say â€Å"yano-assatte†(the day after tomorrow), â€Å"shoppai†(salty) and â€Å"-nai†(not) whereas the westerners use â€Å"shi-asatte† (the day after tomorrow), â€Å"ka-rai†(salty) and â€Å"-n† or â€Å"-nu† (not) (Shibatani,2002). The second difference between two dialects is spelling. The numbers of syllables decrease in Kansai ben. Many words in Tokyo ben are shorten when are used in Kansai ben. For example, he word â€Å"yoku†(very well) in Tokyo ben become â€Å"yo†(very well) in Kansai ben(Shibatani, 2002). â€Å"Omoshiroi† (interesting) is spelled in Tokyo ben while Kansai ben spells â€Å"omoroi†(interesting) ( Shibatani,2002). The most obvious difference between two dialects is pronunciation. Tokyo ben has such features as â€Å"z†, â€Å"chi† and â€Å"ku† are pronounced like â€Å"j† and â€Å"gu† in Kasai ben. For example, â€Å"0† (zero) is changed into â€Å"dero† or â€Å"jero†( Long,2002). â€Å"1†(ichi) is pronounced as † iji† (Long,2002). â€Å"6†(roku) is pronounced â€Å"rogu† in Kasai ben(Long,2002). Moreover, the first syllable is more emphasized in Tokyo ben while the second syllable is more carefully pronounced in Kasai ben. For example, â€Å"tabako† is pronounced like â€Å"tabako† in Kansai ben (Shibatani,2002). It is the same as in the case of the name of a person. â€Å"Mr. Tekeda† is pronounced in Tokyo ben while Kansai ben pronounces as † Mr. Tekeda†(Shibatani,2002). The last difference includes grammar which is concerned with the particle. The particle â€Å"-su† is omitted from verbs in Kansai ben. Therefore, â€Å"masu ka† in Tokyo ben (standard Japanese) ecome â€Å"makka† and † desu ka† become â€Å"dekka† in Kansai ben. For example, the verb â€Å"tabemasu ka†(eat) in Tokyo ben is changed into â€Å"tabemakka†(eat) in Kansai ben(Shibatani,2002). Also, â€Å"nan desu ka†(what’s it? ) become â€Å"nan dekka†(what’s it? ) in Kansai ben(Shibatani,2002). Furthermore, the particle â€Å"da†, which is thought to function as the verb â€Å"to be† or † to do†, is replaced by particle â€Å"ya† in Kansai ben. For example, â€Å"uso da†(you’re kidding) in Tokyo ben is replaced by â€Å"uso ya† and † So dattara†(if it’s true) is changed into † So yattara†(if it’s true) in Kansai ben(Palter,2002). How to cite Tokyo ben and Kansai ben – Japanese has many local dialects, Papers

Computer Benefits free essay sample

Science and technology Adv of technology First of all, technologies play a very important role in society because it makes life easier to live on and less time consuming. Technology has the ability to create shortcuts in working. People do not have to do all the hard labor anymore. For example, microwave ovens cook food easily without using any stoves and making a big mess. Some decade ago, there were no gas or electric stoves, people have to get firewoods and lighting them up for cooking. Technology makes things very easy to use comparing it in the old fashion way. Moreover, medical science is very progressive and saves many innocent lives. Medical treatment has been going well with the help of technology. Nowadays, hospitals use technology as the assistance for the operation. Doctors use machines to produce medicine to cure sickness and the discovery of x-ray enable doctors to treat some kinds of diseases. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Benefits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the otherhand, the application of science leads to the development of technology. Technology comes from the Greek word tekne, which means art, craft or skill. Technology is the art craft and skill of harnessing scientific knowledge. Technology has improved the quality of life in many ways. DNA Analysis is now used to solve crimes. Packaged livelihood technologies produce goods and provide work and income. Nuclear research has brought about technologies fro treating cancer, preserving food and providing energy. Harnessing energy from the sun has brought about solar powered batteries for calculators and watches. The aqualung allowed man to explore the ocean depths thereby opening the underwater world for deeper exploration. In addition to this, science and technology influences our lives. These inventions that have changed the world are products of genuises who altogether make up only a small percentile of the millions of people who inhabit the earth. Disad of tech However, there is always a down side to everything. As a saying goes, there is no such thing as free lunch. Technological advancement has its own negative effects. For example, the burning of fossil fuels is primarily to energize the modern worldand to power cars. However, it has degraded the quality of air we breathe and has caused other environmental hazards with health threatening effects that adversely affect life. On the contrary, technology also brings harm to our society. The booming of industrialization and development causes pollutions to our world. For example, the smoke from the vehicles and machines affects the quality of air and destroy the ozone layer. As a result, people suffer illness like cancers. In addition, technologies also create financial problems in families because most of the technologies are expensive like computers. People that cannot afford to buy this kind of technology will live in a stressful life. For example, people that do not have washing machine will have to wash clothes by hand which is time consuming Computer benefits free essay sample In todays modern world, computers are needed everyday. Around the world, children use computers from the time they are little. Its true that children should have fun when they are young; however, in my opinion, a child who knows how to use the computer will be more successful in the future. My reasons for this view are personal, academic and professional. From a personal point of view, computers can help young people to learn more about the world. For example, some children use the Internet to find information on different subjects. In this way, they learn to find answers by themselves. By using the computer when they are little, children feel more comfortable around computers. They also know how to use the computer for different reasons. From an academic viewpoint, children have to learn how to use this new invention. For instance, when I was in college, many students used to bring their laptops to class. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer benefits or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They used to take notes, do research and share information. They wrote their essays, made presentations and created useful lists. Children who can use the computer when they are young have more confidence than other children. From a professional perspective, the computer is found in every kind of office. Today, employers will still hire people who cannot use computers and give them computer training. But tomorrow, companies will expect people to have these skills already. As a result, by encouraging children to use the computer for a short time every day, parents are preparing their children for future jobs. In conclusion, it is clear that computers are now a part of our regular life. Children who can use computers easily and confidently will do better in the future.

Influence of Project Portfolio Management on Individual Projects

Introduction Background Project’s success depends on a number of factors, and the prevailing conditions within a given business. Project portfolio management is always important when a firm is planning on how to influence all the projects positively.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Influence of Project Portfolio Management on Individual Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An individual project can be influenced by project portfolio management in various ways, as will be discussed in this research paper. Due to the demand and desire to compete effectively in the world market, researchers have directed a lot of their attention in projects management. In the past years, little of project portfolio management was known, but now in the current world, things are changing with the many changes taking place in various sectors. People, including scholars and business managers, have become very innovative. Modernity is taking place at a very high rate and so many changes are observed in the world market. This calls for a proper project management for any project’s goals and objectives to be realized. According to Kousholt (2007, p. 34), projects are identified and classified into various categories mostly during the initial stages of a project. There is a raised concern to come up with a better project management approach in order to march with the competitive market environment. This means that a project needs to be managed as part of the portfolio within the organization. Several arguments have come up showing that portfolio managed has been noted to have very positive effect on a single project’s success. According to Murch (2004, p. 112), success of a single project may be pegged on how the top management manages the project portfolio. In the portfolio of projects, there are different projects that have different weights.Advertising Looking for proposal on busin ess economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The top management should know how to award both material and moral support to each project in the portfolio. This will demand that this management have a clear understanding of all the projects in the portfolio. When there is a general lack of understanding of the project portfolio, it means that the relevant authorities will have limited understanding of each individual project. This failure to manage the portfolio of projects would mean that individual project may not succeed because it was not well taken care of initially. It is therefore, of interest to understand the influence of project portfolio management on success of an individual project. This paper aims at identifying the influence of project portfolio management on individual projects. Aim In every research, it is always important to clearly define aims of the project. According to Nagarajan (2005, p. 19), aims are the b roader desired outcomes of a given project. They are the long term benefits that such a project should bring to the organization. This scholar holds that a research should have specific aims that would define its path. It will be clear to all the stakeholders that such a project would be striving to achieve specific outcome in the long run. This research paper is no exception. The aim of this research paper is intertwined in the research question which is stated as below. What is the impact of project portfolio management on individual projects? It is clear, from this research question that the aim of this project is to define the relationship between project portfolio management and individual projects. This is further elaborated in the subsection below on the objectives.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Influence of Project Portfolio Management on Individual Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Objectiv es Panneerselvam and Senthilkumar (2010, p. 89) define objectives as the subsidiaries to aim. This scholar holds that objectives are the exact answers to the question, which means that they are the specific steps to be taken when answering the question. In a research process, it is important to clearly define research objectives because it helps others understand the scope of the project. It helps state the level beyond which the research may not hold. In this research, the researcher developed research objectives to help define the scope of this research. This proposed research paper will address the following objectives. To bring a clear understanding on how project portfolio management affects individual project. To create an understanding on how project portfolio management can bring an overall success on a firm. To create an understanding on how success of a single project among the portfolio of projects, can bring overall success to other projects and to the firm both in the short and long run. Literature Review Project Portfolio According to Amrosini, Johnson and Scholes (1998, p. 73), project portfolio management refers to a process of centralizing management system of projects with the aim of maximizing financial gains while taking into consideration, the existence of various constraints and the interest of various stakeholders within the firm. The world has increasingly become competitive, and firms are struggling to come up with various strategies that would enable them become competitive in the world market and enable them maximize financial benefits. A firm will come up with a project with an aim of increasing its financial gains in a given market. Every project has its own constrains that the project managers must consider. As Kanda (2011, p. 89) states, project constrains must always be factored in when determining the appropriateness of a project. Project portfolio refers to an assortment of projects that are to be managed in a collective man ner in a way that will achieve organizational objectives.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to note that the process of project portfolio management is a complex process that requires attention of all the stakeholders within the firm. The project managers and project officials have the responsibility to ensure viability of the project as this will highly determine the effectiveness of portfolio management. This is so because, the interests of stakeholders vary, and their interests should be wisely considered in defining the viability of any proposed project. According to Coulter (2009, p. 113), for a portfolio management to be effective, there is need to apply unique skills, knowledge and several other collection of tools together with techniques. A combination of all these will enable the project managers and officials to effectively manage allocate various resources in the projects and boost the management at different levels of production in the firm and hence a high financial return. As Coveney and Highfield (1995, p. 28) say, project portfolio manageme nt always have a direct effect on success of individual projects. It would therefore mean that mismanagement of the portfolio of projects will have a general negative impact on the individual projects. Project portfolio management would always mean that the there will be a clear way on how each individual project will be managed overly by the top management. The top management should clearly state what is expected of each project. This way, it should be clear to project manager for individual projects and the project members to have a clear understanding of what is expected of the project. They will know what is expected of them, and this way, they will act in a way that will help achieve the expected objectives. Managing Single Projects Managing of projects requires a great deal of understanding the project itself. Having a portfolio of projects would mean that the project coordinator will have to assign every single project to a group of individuals, headed by project manager. Whe n handling a single project, the project manager and project members must understand the objective of the project, and how it relates to the strategic objectives of the organization. The ultimate aim will always be to ensure that the project helps in achieving the long term goals of the organization. In managing single projects, the first issue that should be considered is the project’s goals and the constraints that it faces. The goals should be defined in a SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely) approach. Having defined the project, it would be necessary to determine the constraints that the project would face in the implementation process. In most of the cases, time and finance are the leading constrains in a project. It is important however, to go beyond these two obvious constrains. There must be specific constrains that are unique to the project. In managing such a project, the project manager will be responsible for explaining to the project mem bers all the project deliverables, and how each member will play part in ensuring an overall success in the project. According to Daft (2009, p. 92), managing a single project only means that the firm will be narrowing down to specific projects out of the available portfolio. Every single project will be aiming at achieving the long term goals of the organization. The project manager will coordinate his or her team in a way that will ensure that each member understands his or her role in the organization. This understanding will not only ensure that there is no duplication of works, but also ensure that no task will have no one to attend to it. As David (2008, p. 67) notes, when managing a project, it is important to involve various stakeholders, especially the customers. This scholar holds that in the current world, it is imperative to engage consumers in project management in order to help ensure that they own both the process and the final product. When involved, they will feel t hat the product was part was as a result of their opinion, and for that matter, they will feel comfortable owning the entire project. This is part of ensuring that there is a long-term return to the firm, especially if the firm retains such consumers. It is through this that there will be a general success in managing a single project. Portfolio Management Effectiveness It is very vital to ensure that portfolio management is effective given the fact that it has great influence on individual project’s success. Success and effectiveness of a portfolio is derived from comparing the amount of total inputs allocated in the projects and the total outputs derived from the same while considering the satisfaction of consumers. The inputs and output are valued in terms of money and a difference between the two is obtained. Many scholars argue that for a firm to measure the success and effectiveness of a portfolio several factors should be considered. According to Coulter (2009, p. 56), a proper indicator of a successful and effective portfolio management apart from considering the financial returns, is by checking out the achievement of the project’s aims and objectives and the fulfillment of the ultimate mission of the project. This also puts into consideration the portfolio fulfillment of all the stakeholders’ interests and expectations. Fulfilling the stakeholder’s expectations is vital for any successful and effective portfolio management. The following are some of the indicators used in measuring performance and effectiveness of projects portfolio management. Project Portfolio Management effectiveness Indicators Indicator How it is measured Achieving results Satisfaction of the customers, financial results, meeting of the scope, cost consciousness, quality to the stakeholders. Achieving the purpose Ability to achieve the defined project purpose. Balancing of priorities Successful balancing of the resources in a way that offers sa tisfaction to all the stakeholders. Methodology In every research, it is always important to define the methodology that would be used in order to avoid confusion. There are two main research methodologies that are always used in the social science research. The first approach is always the quantitative research. Quantitative research involves the use of facts and figures in empirical manner. Quantitative research involves systematic empirical study of a phenomenon by use of statistical tools. Its main objective is always to employ mathematical theories and models in developing its generalization. Quantitative research is therefore, be very appropriate in this research, and therefore, would be used. This approach would be useful in testing of the hypothesis in the research. It also helps in testing the validity of the research using statistical tools. The second approach is always the qualitative research, also known as the deductive methods. The deductive approach uses descripti ve data in explaining different phenomenon. This approach was very important in this research because it enabled the research to give a descriptive statistics to various facts under the study. The ethnographic nature of qualitative analysis would be helpful in explaining the organizational culture that has direct impact on the organization. Although this research will not entirely be based on qualitative research, its importance cannot be ignored, and as such, the research will have some elements of qualitative research in it. Expected Research Duration In every project, there must be a clear schedule that should be followed to ensure that it achieves its objectives. This project should be completed within four months.The system should be up and running within the four months from the day it is officially set operational. List of References Kanda, A 2011, Project management: A life cycle approach, PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. Kousholt, B 2007, Project management: Theory and practice, Nyt Teknisk Forlag, New York. Murch, R 2004, Project management: Best practices for IT professionals, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River. Nagarajan, K 2005, Project management, New Age International, New Delhi. Panneerselvam, R Senthilkumar, P 2010, Project management, PHI Learning, New Delhi. Amrosini, V., Johnson, G Scholes, K 1998, Exploring Techniques of Analysis and Evaluation in Strategic Management, Financial Times Press, New York. Coulter, M 2009, Strategic Management in Action, Pearson Higher Education, New York. Coveney, P Highfield, 1995, Frontiers of Complexity: The Search for Order in a Chaotic World, Fawcett Columbine, New York. Daft, R 2009, Organization Theory and Design, Cengage Learning, New York. David, F 2008, Strategic Management: Concepts, Pearson Higher Education, New York. This proposal on Influence of Project Portfolio Management on Individual Projects was written and submitted by user Frankl1nR1chards to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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The Patriots Act essays

The Patriots Act essays After the tragedy on September eleventh something called the Patriots Act was passed. This Act allows the FBI s to infringe on our personal liberties as Americans. It mainly takes away our rights that the 1st and 4th amendment gives us. I personally think that it infringes on our fourth amendment more than the first. The fourth amendment states; The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, ad effects, against unreasonable search and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause. With the Patriots Act in effect the 4th amendment might as well not even exist. The FBI can do basically anything they want to try and protect us. They can get library records, tap phones, see what websites you visited, and spy on you with you never having knowledge of it. Worst of all they do not even need to obtain a search warrant or have probable cause to do so. I realize that this act was put into effect to try and protect us from another terrorist attack but the government went to far. There is no reason why they should have this kind of power to spy on American when the 4th Amendment clearly protects us from doing so. The First Amendment states; Congress shall make no law respecting and establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise there of; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. The Patriots Act infringes on the 1st amendment because you can be investigated simply by saying something or even just by going about your everyday activities. If the FBI thinks that youre involved in terrorist activities just because you said something or because you are a certain religion they will investigate you, take your rights away and you will probably never find out that it happened. I realize that this act was made to protect America from another attack but if it takes away my civil liberties as an American then the act should be void. The FBI should find anoth ...

Identifying Infinitive Phrases Exercises and Practice

Identifying Infinitive Phrases Exercises and Practice An infinitive is a verbalusually preceded by the particle tothat can function in a sentence as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. This exercise will test your ability to recognize infinitive phrases and distinguish them from prepositional phrases. Instructions Each sentence below contains at least one infinitive phrase. Some (but not all) of the sentences also include prepositional phrases beginning with to. Identify only the infinitive phrase(s) in each sentence, and then compare your responses with the answers below. More than anything else, I wanted some time alone to read.My grandmother told me that we have been put on earth to share, to care, to give, and to receive.While the train was stopped at the station, Bugsy attempted to climb to the top of one of the freight cars.Mama Day tells the citizens of the island to listen to the crows instead of the news bulletins. (Gloria Naylor, Mama Day)During the Great Depression, audiences wanted to laugh when they went to the movies.Every Wednesday, six women from Wisbech came to the castle to do the weekly wash.On the last night of the retreat, we wanted to sing a song to end an evening that had been particularly touching to us all.The duke left the duchess at a Red Roof Inn and proceeded to drive to the country to see his mother.At the end of their long adventure, Lucy and Edmund are told that they are too old to return to Narnia again.Within each Ring of Plague Sabine had organized, there was a complete assortment of powers: one to fight with ice, one to see through soil, one to throw lightning, one to fly, one to fade, one to shrink, one to breathe fire, one to run like the wind, one to burrow, one to see through rock, one to levitate objects, and one to push and bind dreams. (Obert Skye, Leven Thumps and the Whispered Secret) Here (in bold print) are the answers. More than anything else, I wanted some time alone  to read.My grandmother told me that we have been put on earth  to share, /  to care,  /  to give, and  to receive.While the train was stopped at the station, Bugsy attempted  to climb  to the top of one of the freight cars.Mama Day tells the citizens of the island  to listen  to the crows instead of the news bulletins. (Gloria Naylor,  Mama Day)During the Great Depression, audiences wanted  to laugh  when they went to the movies.Every Wednesday, six women from Wisbech came to the castle  to do the weekly wash.On the last night of the retreat, we wanted  to sing a song  /  to end an evening  that had been particularly touching to us all.The duke left the duchess at a Red Roof Inn and proceeded  to drive  to the country  to see his mother.At the end of their long adventure, Lucy and Edmund are told that they are too old  to return  to Narnia again.Within each Ring of Plague Sabine had organ ized, there was a complete assortment of powers: one  to fight with ice, one  to see through soil, one  to throw lightning, one  to fly, one  to fade, one  to shrink, one  to breathe fire, one  to run like the wind, one  to burrow, one  to see through rock, one  to levitate objects, and one  to push and bind dreams. (Obert Skye,  Leven  Thumps  and the Whispered Secret)

DARK FIBER (FIBER OPTICS) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DARK FIBER (FIBER OPTICS) - Research Paper Example They also withstand ambient temperatures. Dark fiber, just as it sounds refers to unlit fiber as no light runs through it. According to Lovink (p. 226), it is an optical fiber infrastructure that has been installed but remains unused. This could be privately operated and run directly by an operator who leases it to another supplier who would rather not purchase leased line or bandwidth capacity. Hence, fiber could still be considered as dark if lit by the lessee and not the owner. This fiber is not connected or controlled by a phone company but rather an individual or company provides the required components for it to function. Dark fiber provides telecommunication operators with the ability to choose the technology that would be appropriate to them, whether SDH, fiber channel Ethernet or ATM without the need to construct an entire network infrastructure or even having to rent a managed service from an operator who other that being expensive could also be a competitor. Dark fiber has also been used in networks for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) as pointed by Rodriquez. The reason that dark fiber would exist in sufficiently planned networks would be because of the initial cost involved in installing cables, particularly civil engineering. The accompanying activities encompass planning, obtaining permission, routing, creating channels and ducts for the cables, installation and connection. Wagter claims that this would constitute over 60% of development cost pointing out at Amsterdam where this was at 80% with only 10% going to fiber. Therefore, it becomes more economical to plan and install mo re fiber than the current demand so as to give allowance for future expansion and security in case any cable fails (Lovink, 230). In the US, local exchange carriers avoided selling dark fiber to the end users fearing that it would eat into their other lucrative services. It was a requirement that they sell this

Oedipus Rex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oedipus Rex - Essay Example But as it is revealed in the concluding part of the play some duties are fundamental, and even the interest of the state and its laws are subservient to it. The duty to bury the dead concerns humanity and it has nothing to do with the existing law or ruling by any authority. It is the moral duty that derives authority from the unrecorded law. The Parameters of Free Will is another theme that is part of the play. Tiresias predicts the arrest of one who is both father and brother to his own children. Oedipus reveals to Jocasta of a prophecy he came to know as a youth, that he would kill his father and sleep with his mother, and Jocasta tells Oedipus of an identical prophecy given to Laius, that her son would grow up to kill his father. Oedipus and Jocasta enter into discussion about the extent to which prophecies should be relied upon at all, and when all of the prophecies come true, it appears that one of Sophocles’ aims is to defend the powers of the gods and prophets. In the play Oedipus has no other option but to fulfill the prophecy. Fate continuously overpowers him. Oedipus’s Swollen Foot is an example of symbolism in the play. Oedipus was left in the mountains with his ankles trapped together and Laius had abandoned him in that state on a desolate mountain shortly after he was born. Oedipus bears with this injury for the rest of his life and the scar is the indicator for the plight undergone by him. His injury symbolised the manner in which fate dealt with him and his movements were restricted since birth. That was Apollo’s prophecy to Laius. The Junction of Three-Roads: Jocasta mentions about the place where Laius is assassinated, where three roads intersect. This crossroad is mentioned often during the course of the play and it symbolises crucial moments of the play. Symbolically, a crossroad is the place where a decision has to be made about the path to