Table Manners Cultural Differences

Table Manners Cultural Differences Thesis statement: All of us know that diet is very important in our daily life. It can can reflect a nations tradition and culture. However, each country in which geographical, environmental, and cultural and ethnic customs, which has a different concept of diet and dietary practices, and ultimately the formation of the differences in diet culture. Of cause, the table manners appear in our life everyday. They are witness of the history of dietary cultures for thousands of years, are the sign that a country or nation from ignorance and backward towards civilization and progress. Research achievement has a lot on the table manners, and in this passage, the author will stress on the analysis of their differences and the formation cause of the differences. Abstract: The different of the philosophical thoughts and the various kinds of social factors make some differences in Chinese and Western table manners. In China, a banquet, whatever the purpose, there will be a kind of form. Everyone sitting around the table and the delicacy is put in the center of the table. Not only it is a good taste, but also it is a communication medium for people. People toast each other and let food each other. It embodies the mutual respect and the virtue of humility. This way is easy to communicate with others. However, the western table manners are more cumbersome and canonical. Every people has his own service plate, no matter what dish has, they eat by themselves. Westerners drink also depend on their own thoughts, such as Whisky, Cocktails, Brandy, they can drink what they like. It embodies the respect of personal willingness. In this paper, we will talk about Chinese and western table manners and finding out the reasons. The purpose is to improve our intercultural communication ability by means of doing the research on the differences dietary culture between China and west in table manners. 1. Introduction In the 21st century, intercultural communication has become an indispensable content in peoples life. Cooking culture and table manners play a significant role of nonverbal culture in cross-cultural communication. Because of the Chinese people and Westerners have different life styles, the way of thinking, culture, so the table manners between china and western also show a big difference. Chinese table manners have a long history, At the time of the ancient times, table manners had a quite complete system. They took an important part in the past and still have a deep influence in the modern society. Western table manners originated in the 20 century. Italian culture came to France, table manners and menu turned to be more elegant and delicate, from that time, books of etiquette are published gradually. Today, table etiquette is still spreading in Western countries. The table manners in Western countries have influence on Chinese table manners because of the communication. In order to protect our table culture, we can make the two table manners get together, which is good for us to communicate with foreigners. So, it is necessary for us to know the differences of the two table manners and analyze the causes of the different the two table manners between Chinese and Western. 2. The importance of table manners in international cultural communication As Chinese reform and opening quicken markedly, international cultural communication also increases quickly. We must be willing to communicate and be tolerant of views that differ from our own. Our abilities are improved according to international communication. In the society, we do many things successfully on table. For example, when we meet important person, or we have important thing, we could ask the relevant people to have dinner, and discuss on the table. So we must know the table manners. Moreover, if we have a dinner with the Westerners, we should understand the Western table manners well. Because the Western table manners is different from Chinese. On the table, no matter what country the people come from, they could feel the respect from the table manners. Today, transnational cultural communication is so frequent that table manners become more and more important. Not only the whole dining process more harmonious but also status of customers more obvious and their communic ation more convenient by the table manners. For foreign language learners, it is quite useful to know the differences of Chinese and western dietary culture. We can not only increase the understanding of the table manners culture, but also improve the success of intercultural communication, which can help to avoid misunderstandings and communication disorder because of inappropriate behavior. 3. The differences table manners between China and Western countries 3.1 The differences in arrival of time When talking about the time, the Chinese and Westerners have different views. In China, we dont pay much attention on the time. We dont have specific demands about arrival time. To arrive earlier, on time or a little late are all allowed. In fact, we often get to the place where we have a dinner at a litter late time. Because most of us think the host should wait for guest and it is a way to respect for others. The Westerners think both of the time and money are very important, so they always make time and money bonded together. There is a saying goes said that Time is money , and the saying goes has become deeply in the Westerners mind. Therefore, they cherish as far as possible, they plan and manage their time carefully. The Westerners are often filled with a sense of urgency of time. All of them have a interest that they go to some parties in free time. If the westerners have to go to somewhere to have a dinner with others, they must arrive there on time. Frequently, when they want to have a dinner at ones home, they usually get earlier for five minutes. In their opinion, it is not very polite for you to get much earlier, maybe the hostess is so busy doing preparation for the dinner that is not suitable for you to reach at that time. 3.2 The differences in seating arrangement Both in China and in the west, people are particular in seating arrangement of formal banquette. In the Chinese banquets, we prefer to the round table . If there is just a round table in the family dinner, it has no table order. If we join a formal dinner, our seating should comply with the rule. Traditionally, Chinese use square table and the seats, which is look towards to the door is the most important, while seats on both sides are partial seats. So, the elderly and the guests of honor or high status should sit at the seat facing the main door. Then guest of honor sit on the right of the host and deputy chief gust on the left. While, as for the dinning of less than five people, its table setting can follow those four rules: right is honor and the left is low; the middle seat is senior; the seat of facing the door is the top; flexibility arrangement. In Western countries, people usually use long table. Host and hostess sit at both ends, and the guests of honor sit besides them. Then ordinary guests sit along with them. That is to say, the one who is more nearer to the host, the more important he is. In the informal party, it follows that women is first. Seat arrangement should treat the hostess as benchmark, and the most important guests should sit at the upper right of the hostess and the wife of him sitting at the upper right of the host. If a man and a woman have a diner, the man should let the woman sit on his right and dont let she sit near to the passageway; anyway the man need to let the woman sit inside. When two people have a dinner, the senior sit inside.When two men with a woman, men should let woman sit in the middle place. Besides, men should remove the chairs and let women sit first. In a word, women are very important in the seating arrangement. 3.3 The differences in tableware As everyone know people use chopsticks in China, and chopsticks are the most significant tableware for Chinese. Usually, they are traditionally held in the right hand, even by left-handed people. Although chopsticks may now be deployed by either hand, left-handed chopstick use is considered improper. Besides, there are also some rules to abide by when using it. For example, before dinner, chopsticks must be put on the right of rice bowl tidily. While after the meal, it should be placed in the middle of rice bowl, and when talking with other people, we should put down our chopsticks. It is a polite action to others. When take food for others, we ought to use the public chopsticks. In Western countries, people use knives and forks. When eating western-style food, a knife should be held in the right hand and a fork should be held in left hand. Whats more, the different ways knives and forks place have different meanings. For example, you have to leave for a while when you have a meal, you can put the knife and fork separately as a triangle. The service person will not receive your plate. If you have already finished the meal, you should make the knife and fork parallelled. Bread is taken in the fingers and laid on the side of plate or the edge of the large plate. It is never taken with a fork. Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife and placed on the side of plate, not on ones bread. Well, Chinese use chopsticks and westerners use knives and forks. However, they also represent the difference between both collectivism and individualism. Westerners use knives and forks to cut food and separate it to represent individualism. The Chinese use chops ticks to grasp the entire food to mean unity and collectivism. 3.4 The differences in order of serving Chinese order of serving: the first are cold dishes, beverage and wine; then the hot dishes; next staple food; at last the sweets and fruit. Sometimes, there are many tables, each table should be on every dish at the same time. The order of serving still keep the traditional, first hot and later cold. Besides, hot dishes should be served from the left side opposite the seat of the guest of honot. The dishes like whole chicken, whole duck, and whole fish cant put their heads and tails toward the host seat. In the banquet, each dish like slide show, each time a dish is served. Nevertheless, there are some tips: in the wedding banquet or other red banquet, the plates on the table can be overlapped, and meaning that a good thing comes again and again. While, in the White Banquet like funeral, the plates cannot be overlapped, I think you can guess the reason. Western serving steps are usually like that: bread and butter, cold dishes, soup, seafood, main course, dessert, coffee and fruit. When you eating the cold dishes, the soup and bread should be eaten at the same time. In Western, the cold dishes are known as appetizer dish, served as the first course to eat with an aperitif. And soup includes stains soup and cream soup. The main course has chicken, beef, fish and pork and so on. The dissert always has ice-cream, pudding etc. 3.5 The differences in having dinner on table In China, food should be taken by the guest firstly. If you want to eat some food, you could not take too much. The men could give service to women. When you take food, you could not glance left and right and you could not choose one by one in the public dishes. If you eat with many people, you could have comity with everyone. The food which you want to eat and you cant take, you should ask other people to help you to take. Please avoid leaving seat to take by yourself. Chinese table manners atmosphere is lively, people like chatting over eating. Your utterance should be elegant, scholarly and euphemistic. But talking and laughing loudly is not polite. While eating, the older is first, when a dish served, the young can t eat until the elder eat. Chinese table s atmosphere is lively, people like chatting over eating. But talking and laughing loudly is not polite. hen a person has a cough, he or she should turn his or her back. Before you have a drink, you should drink a toast to the e lder and the guest. In West, men should move the seat for women. People always talk with their neighbors when eating, they dont talk loudly. Usually, people have a talk after the main food that the time of they eat dessert. Using the knife and folk cant make a sound. They do not use their own utensils for others to take their food; do not cut food on a plate after a good use of all right hand fork to eat; do not put the bones and food that dont eat on the floor or on the tablecloth, while put them on the on the plate of iceberg. Besides, the polite way is eating out the food on your plate. 3.6 The differences in leaving the table In China, only can the master sign the end of banquet. After the master and guest leave seat, the other guests can leave. Then, the master should be to see guests off at the gate, and the guests should express their thanks to the master. If the guests want to goodbye to host in the midway of the banquet, they just say good-bye to the master or give a nod as a signal to others. At the end of the banquet in Western countries, people should pick up the napkin from the leg, fold optionally, put the napkin on left of the table, and then get up for leaving. After having a meal, the host and hostess should leave before the other guests leave. When leaving, people should help elders or ladies to move the seats, and thank to the master when they say goodbye. If you want to be more cautious, you can thank by phone or card again. The causes of different table manners between the West and China 4.1 The different cultural connotations Culture will affect peoples view on things. Different country has its different culture, so it is obviously that the thinking model between China and western are different. The Chinese culture pays more attention on ones intuition, and the Western culture leans to logic and analyze. As to the traditional of the culture, Chinese people especially believe their own intuition. They insist the experience and feeling during the thing, this phenomenon also happens in the communication between west and east. In China, thousands of cultural tradition is reflected in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The Confucian thought mainly emphasized benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith; Taoists advocated natural and clean; Buddhist is advocated merciful, purdue beings, harmony without. From this we see that what is tasty to a host may not necessarily be tasty to his guest. Because people have different opinions about various ingredients and cooking methods. It is rather easy to misjudg e what someone considers to be the best dish. Forcing a guest to eat food he doesnt like is quite awkward. However, Western countries assert democracy, freedom, equality, and advocated personal power, put emphasis up on personal value, paysattention to individualism. We have to learn from the American literature that the theme of American Dream is an important indication in the American literature history. It means that Americans wish to succeed through their self-dependence and self-reliance. They believe that they are created by God and that they are endowed with special traits which will help them to become the kind of people they wish to be. So this culture connotation can also be reflected in the table cultures. They respect freedom. So there are not so many rules as in Chinese table setting. They behave freely. 4.2 The different way of thinking Compared with western thinking model, the eastern idea is blanket and unclearly. The Chinese thought is more comprehensive and integrated. Traditional perceptual intuition thinking including the doctrine of the thought in Chinese style. The essence of the idea emphasize harmonization or even cancel with extreme solution to the problem. The Chinese psychological bias for comprehensive, logical analysis. The simple integral concept and unified way of thinking reflects our national macro understanding and the ability to transform the world. The west emphasizes analysis and partial logic thinking, and emphasizes its own characteristics. For scientific thinking of the standard, this kind of thinking mode in the real world in present multidimensional nature. At the same time, in western countries, and always put the value of the individual in important position, the principle of the supremacy of outstanding individualism. 4.3 The different behaviors regulation Behaviors regulation means the single standard, which the society can accept. That means that something can tell people what is the right way to solve this matter and what is unsuitable to do. When different background culture people do communication with each other, they usually judge the rationality by own code of conduct. So it is inevitable for them to misunderstand others. And whats more, it will destroy the friendship between people. For example: In China, it is kind to pat childrens head, but it is a very terrible thing in the western country. They think it is unexpected thing to a child. If you do like this, his parents will get very angry for it. And the other different thing: In China, men always smoke after they finish the meals, they think it is a kind of enjoyment. Nevertheless, in western countries, they consider this behavior is not polite to women and children and it is also a rude thing to smoke on a table. So, it is very important for us to recognize and use the dif ferent regulation behavior when we do business or have communication between foreign countries. In order to ensure the communication will be smoothly, you should understand each others conduct. Especially remember the forbidden things and impolite things. The best way is when in Rome, do as the Romans. 4.4 The different values Value is the core of culture and the most appropriate criteria what is used to evaluate the behaviors, things and make choices from all possible targets by social members. Values are the reflection of peoples social existence, people in the same natural environment and social environment will have the same values. Therefore, every society and country is using their own recognized values. In the dinner table etiquette, peoples behavior is a microcosm of the national values and the corresponding behavior under the guidance of different values. In a state of ceremonies like China, emphasizes loyalty and filial piety, reflects the values of collectivism. Chinese people respect the aged and take good care of children, therefore, seating arrangements are very regular, seats not only have upper and lower grades, but also the specific seat sorting. For western countries, the individualism values occupy the dominant position and individual power of each person is reflected. This is because in the philosophy of Westerners, it tends to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression. They think that if a person is not up to his purpose, which is not because of the destiny but their own laziness and their lack of fighting spirit. Western people put into practice individual dining system, each of them eat their own tableware and choose their own favorite food. So, in western, there will not appear the situation like eating the food reluctantly served by the hosts in China. Conclusion Different countries and different people have different manners. We should have a good knowledge about other customs so that they will not think us are ill-mannered. When exploring the differences in communication manners and customs, we set them mainly into three parts: manner and culture, communication manner and table manner. Considering the roots of these differences, Historical and regional causes might took the significant places. Therefore, a cross culture environment and a cross culture mind do lead to the better understanding in todays communication. In modern society, along with the development of the open policy, it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller so that people are very active with frequent exchanges. With the constant deepening of integration of the world, we should pay more attention to etiquette among people. In particular, the importance of the table manners is more prominent. Consequently, we should admit these differences in cross-cultural commun ication, and understand and respect it as well. The key of successful intercultural communication is to have a correct attitude to deal with cultural differences. It is to understand and respect other countries culture that is the necessary condition to avoid cultural conflict, realize equal association and cooperate successfully. So as the graduate students, we must based on the requirement of the labor market. We will enter the society later, and before this we must get the full preparation of being a good worker. Only do we learn the different culture and practice it, we could find a good job quickly and do right things during the communication. By doing this can we make our work easier to be handled. If we can understand the manners better, we can know others better.

Flow of Silver

In the mid sixteenth century a silver mine located at Potosi, South America was formed. This silver mine was one of the few major silver mines in the world, the others located in Northern Central America and Southern Japan. This certain mine was known for its distinctive rich black flint. Extensive excavation required more than three-thousand Indians to work away with picks and hammers to break up the ore and bring It up to the surface. Just after refining the ore, the silver Is shipped to Spain then from Spain to India, China, East Indies, Great Britain, and Imperial Russia.But all this only happened after the Spanish took over the city and put the Indians on silver mining overdrive. According to the Spanish royal records thirty-six million silver coins have been taken out of the mine since the Invasion. Meanwhile In Spain, the high process ruined Spain as prices attracted Asian commodities with silver currency flowing out nonstop to pay for them. The constant flow of silver from Po tosi made the Spanish very blind with their riches.Once the silver from Potosi was gone Spanish economy would plummet. Aslan Trading ships where so common that some Spanish oads where paved with the extra granite cobblestones taken out of the Chinese trading ships' ballast to compensate for the massive weights from the sheer load of silver. Silver economy was almost the complete opposite in the Chinese areas, for the need of silver was there, and there In large quantities. It Just seems that way because of the lack of an actual metal currency. The venerable elders of my home district explain that the reason grain is cheap despite poor harvests in recent years is due entirely to the scarcity of silver coin. † This is a quote from a report given to the Emperor from a Ming dynasty official. Basically since the Chinese national government uses silver as tax payment and gives little back Into the Chinese economy cycle. Because of this, Chinese citizens are very wise with their smal l amount of funds. Spain wasn't the only place China imported silver from.Importations from Japan where there also, but not in quantities as large as Spain. Japanese silver Is mined from South Japan then shipped to China, India, and mainly Portugal. Japan doesn't ship directly to Portugal. What happens is that Portugal sends their trading ships sail over to Macao, China carrying their cargo of silk, gold, erfume, and porcelain. Then they sail over toJapan where they returned with, to the Portugal's surprise, six-hundred thousand coins worth of Japanese silver, The Portuguese use this in their favor in china.They do so by feeding Japan's silver to China to get what they want. Bring Japan resources and get silver. Bring the silver over to China to get resources and luxury goods. Bring the luxury goods back to Portugal, and the resources over toJapan. Which brings the focus back to China, Ming dynasty to be exact. Ming dynasty dye shops would allow their customers to have onsiderable a mounts of cloth and silk dyed right before deciding the actual costs of said dye.This used to be paid in rice, wheat, soybeans, or fowl, but during the dynasty everything from tools to cattle was paid In silver coins. Also, speaking of silk, Chinese officials have realized how much silver the Spanish have In relation to how much they trade for. So they did an experiment. China sent trading ships with equal amounts of goods to Luzon, located in the Philippines, and Spain. To their slight surprlse tney return Trom tne pnlllpplnes almost trlple wnat tney usually recelve Trom rading to Spain.Plus, they will also accept most native Chinese fruit, porcelain pottery, and sugar. Then there's Europe, Europe also trades with Asia. Sadly, they draw nothing of actual use, yet they pay them in valuables such as gold and silver, these commodities never return. The luxury of Asian spices have tainted the Europe population, most of them think of it as a necessary ingredient. Because of the pleasure that Asian products bring to all of Europe, including the colonies, and also to the Spaniards in America, Breaking up the trade was never a favorable idea for England.

Personal Essay for College Application Samples: the Ultimate Convenience!

Personal Essay for College Application Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! Writing essays aren't only for assignments but important vehicles for you to achieve your dreams so always handle them with passion and attention. The past element to successful essay writing ought to be to examine your writing out loud, several instances. Stephen's essay is rather effective. If you want to develop into the very best essay author attainable, you will need to just start out writing. Aside from giving personal info and education background, the author should always incorporate any appropriate work experience when writing a personal essay. Like other academic papers, he should ensure the personal essay does not have any grammatical mistakes. You'll observe a similar structure in a number of the essays. Or you're able to view 18 essays all on a single page. Let EssayEdge help you compose an application essay which gets noticed. So begin scrolling down and have a look at our amazing essays templates. Our writers are conversant with requirements of the majority of essay businesses. In your essays, you may use distinctive approaches. Our personal essays are written to fit your needs so that you are able to secure your dreams. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. The same is true for top essay writers. You may access the writer who's writing your essay directly so you could make any correction. Besides having the correct experience, the writers should have the ability to compose personal essays in line with the measures required. The Characteristics of Personal Essay for College Application Samples Application writing isn't the close of the world and you are able to prepare for it. Last version will be ideal! EssayEdge is the major application essay editing service on earth. Therefore, if you begin with a terrible topic, not only will you wind up with a poor essay, but you risk ruining the superior impression that the remainder of your application makes. Our service will take your suggestions into consideration, focus on your feedback, meet all of the minute details. An ever more popular way for getting great sample papers is to discover and employ a professional writing company to supply you with original work. One of the most difficult facets of college life is finances. As can be expected with this much variety on a single platform, there are both positive and negative samples out there. One of the greatest ways to make sure you get a high-quality sample essay for MBA application or another college course is by working with reputable sites. A big area of the college application is the personal essay, which is essentially the previous chance for somebody to distinguish himself or herself from the thousands of different applicants. Our company always prioritizes the requirements and necessities of our customers. You don't need to be worried about the should revise and correct the paper you make it from us. If you're going to explain yourself for the cover letter to apply to get a college or job, attempt to devote all your details based on the aim of your letter. More importantly your application letter expresses your intent to submit an application for a particular job in an organization company or company.

Employee Comments An Employee Self-Assessment Is An...

Employee Comments: An employee self-assessment is an important part of a yearly performance appraisal and it is created for the employer to see this employee’s achievements. October 10, 2015 marked my fifth year with this company and I consider this a significant accomplishment. Over the last five years, I have been able to meet the needs of the company despite of the constant changes to include: the use of two new systems (CMS, Avaya Chat). Throughout this review period, I received numerous awards recognizing me for teamwork, flexibility, professionalism and customer service. I was promoted into the role of a triage consultant II in the month of August. And in the month of September, I was promoted into my current role of program trainer.†¦show more content†¦Flexibility: There are times when team meetings and other events interfere with call volume. Often times, I reach out to my supervisor to offer my wiliness to be flexible during times of increased call volumes. Because of this, I was recognized by my supervisor for being willing to change my schedule to meet the needs of the company. As the program trainer, I have demonstrated my ability to be flexible by participant with remote trainings, changing my schedule to meet business needs, and traveling to the Chesapeake engagement centers in order to complete trainings. Professionalism and Customer Service: In the triage consultant’s role, I offer excellent customer service to all participants and exceptional professionalism to my co-workers. Despite the pressures of maintaining the call volume expectations, I was able to continue excellent customer service. As I greet participants that call, I ensured that participants were feeling comfortable with providing information, especially confidential information. I introduced myself and ask for their contact information in a pleasant and welcoming manner. For example, I said statements including: â€Å"my pleasure† and â€Å"I would be more than happy to assist.† Those statements often alleviated some of the pressure of providing information for the participants. I also took the time to identify participants’ needs by asking questions andShow MoreRelated performance apraisal critique Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages The performance appraisal system used by our organization is done annually. The purpose of the review is for employee as well as manager, to aptitude performance from the past year relating to the specific responsibilities and objective of that employee. This gives the opportunity for managers to give feedback on the strengths and development areas that are summarized from that previous year. Employees must also use this opportunity to give feedback on how they can best perform and develop themselvesRead MoreRob Parson at Morgan Stanley (a)1236 Words   |  5 Pagesat Morgan Stanley (A) 1. 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